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"The Descent of Odin. An Ode"

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Commentary:  Notes/Queries: 266 (Textual [T]: 143, Explanatory [E]: 123)

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[down]T E T/E "The Descent of Odin. An Ode"    
      
  (From the Norse-Tongue,) in Bartholinus,    
  de causis contemnendae mortis; Hafniae,    
  1689, Quarto.    
      
  Upreis Odinn allda gautr, &c.    
      
  E  1    Uprose the King of Men with speed,    
  E  2    And saddled straight his coal-black steed;    
  E  3    Down the yawning steep he rode,    
  E  4    That leads to Hela's drear abode.    
 T E T/E5    Him the dog of darkness spied,    
 6    His shaggy throat he opened wide,    
  E  7    While from his jaws, with carnage filled,    
  E  8    Foam and human gore distilled:    
  E  9    Hoarse he bays with hideous din,    
 10    Eyes that glow and fangs that grin;    
[up]T   11    And long pursues with fruitless yell    
[down]12    The father of the powerful spell.    
 13    Onward still his way he takes,    
 T E T/E14    (The groaning earth beneath him shakes,)    
 15    Till full before his fearless eyes    
  E  16    The portals nine of hell arise.    
      
  E  17    Right against the eastern gate,    
  E  18    By the moss-grown pile he sate,    
  E  19    Where long of yore to sleep was laid    
  E  20    The dust of the prophetic maid.    
  E  21    Facing to the northern clime,    
  E  22    Thrice he traced the runic rhyme;    
 T E T/E23    Thrice pronounced, in accents dread,    
  E  24    The thrilling verse that wakes the dead;    
  E  25    Till from out the hollow ground    
  E  26    Slowly breathed a sullen sound.    
      
 T E T/E27    Pr[ophetess]. What call unknown, what charms, presume    
[up] E  28    To break the quiet of the tomb?    
[down]T E T/E29    Who thus afflicts my troubled sprite,    
  E  30    And drags me from the realms of night?    
  E  31    Long on these mouldering bones have beat    
  E  32    The winter's snow, the summer's heat,    
  E  33    The drenching dews, and driving rain!    
  E  34    Let me, let me sleep again.    
 T   35    Who is he, with voice unblest,    
 36    That calls me from the bed of rest?    
      
  E  37    O[din]. A Traveller, to thee unknown,    
  E  38    Is he that calls, a Warrior's son.    
 39    Thou the deeds of light shalt know;    
  E  40    Tell me what is done below,    
 T E T/E41    For whom yon glittering board is spread,    
 T E T/E42    Dressed for whom yon golden bed.    
      
  E  43    Pr. Mantling in the goblet see    
  E  44    The pure beverage of the bee,    
[up] E  45    O'er it hangs the shield of gold;    
[down] E  46    'Tis the drink of Balder bold:    
 T   47    Balder's head to death is given.    
 T E T/E48    Pain can reach the sons of Heaven!    
 49    Unwilling I my lips unclose:    
 50    Leave me, leave me to repose.    
      
 T E T/E51    O. Once again my call obey.    
 T E T/E52    Prophetess, arise and say,    
 53    What dangers Odin's child await,    
 54    Who the author of his fate.    
      
  E  55    Pr. In Hoder's hand the hero's doom:    
 56    His brother sends him to the tomb.    
 57    Now my weary lips I close:    
 58    Leave me, leave me to repose.    
      
 T   59    O. Prophetess, my spell obey,    
 T   60    Once again arise and say,    
[up]T   61    Who the avenger of his guilt,    
[down]T   62    By whom shall Hoder's blood be spilt.    
      
  E  63    Pr. In the caverns of the west,    
 T E T/E64    By Odin's fierce embrace compressed,    
 T E T/E65    A wondrous boy shall Rinda bear,    
  E  66    Who ne'er shall comb his raven-hair,    
  E  67    Nor wash his visage in the stream,    
  E  68    Nor see the sun's departing beam:    
 T E T/E69    Till he on Hoder's corse shall smile    
  E  70    Flaming on the funeral pile.    
 71    Now my weary lips I close:    
 72    Leave me, leave me to repose.    
      
 73    O. Yet a while my call obey.    
 T   74    Prophetess, awake and say,    
  E  75    What virgins these, in speechless woe,    
 T E T/E76    That bend to earth their solemn brow,    
 T E T/E77    That their flaxen tresses tear,    
[up] E  78    And snowy veils, that float in air.    
[down]T   79    Tell me whence their sorrows rose:    
 80    Then I leave thee to repose.    
      
 81    Pr. Ha! no Traveller art thou,    
  E  82    King of Men, I know thee now,    
 T E T/E83    Mightiest of a mighty line—    
      
 84    O. No boding maid of skill divine    
 85    Art thou, nor prophetess of good;    
  E  86    But mother of the giant-brood!    
      
 T   87    Pr. Hie thee hence and boast at home,    
 88    That never shall enquirer come    
  E  89    To break my iron-sleep again,    
 T E T/E90    Till Lok has burst his tenfold chain;    
  E  91    Never, till substantial Night    
 T E T/E92    Has reassumed her ancient right;    
  E  93    Till wrapped in flames, in ruin hurled,    
[up]T E T/E94    Sinks the fabric of the world.    

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Gray's annotations

2    [steed] Sleipner was the Horse of Odin, wch had eight legs. [Note in C(ommonplace) B(ook).]
4    [Hela the Latinized form of O[ld]N[orse] Hel]
Niflheimr, the hell of the Gothic nations, consisted of nine worlds, to which were devoted all such as died of sickness, old-age, or by any other means than in battle: Over it presided Hela, the Goddess of Death.
Hela is described with a dreadful countenance, & her body half flesh-colour & half blew. [Note in C(ommonplace) B(ook).]
24    The original word is Vallgaldr; from Valr mortuus, & Galdr incantatio. [Note in C(ommonplace) B(ook).]
90    Lok is the evil Being, who continues in chains till the Twilight of the Gods approaches, when he shall break his bonds; the human race, the stars, and sun, shall disappear; the earth sink in the seas, and fire consume the skies: even Odin himself and his kindred-deities shall perish. For a farther explanation of this mythology, see Mallet's Introduction to the History of Denmark, 1755, Quarto. [(A slightly more detailed draft of this note is in C[ommonplace] B[ook]).]

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Note on the text

Composition / Publication: 1761 / 1768Form: aa
Original Text: 1768Genre: Translation / Ode
Editorial information: A brief introduction and a list of MS witnesses is available. Spelling has been modernized throughout, except in case of conscious archaisms. Contractions, italics and initial capitalization have been largely eliminated, except where of real import. Obvious errors have been silently corrected, punctuation has been lightly modernized. Additional contextual information for Gray's notes, presented here in unmodernized form, has been taken from the [S/H_1966] Starr/Hendrickson edition. The editor would like to express his gratitude to the library staff of the Göttingen State and University Library (SUB Göttingen) for their invaluable assistance.
Versions of this text are available in the Digital Library:
  • 1768: Poems by Mr. Gray. A new edition. London, 1768 [1st ed. 1768].
  • 1768: Poems by Mr. Gray. Glasgow, 1768.
  • 1771: Poems by Mr. Gray. A new edition. London, 1771.
  • 1775: The Poems of Mr. Gray. To which are prefixed Memoirs of his Life and Writings by W[illiam]. Mason. York, 1775.
  • 1775: Poems by Mr. Gray. A new edition. Edinburgh, 1775.
  • 1776: Poems by Mr. Gray. A new edition. London, 1776.
  • 1782: The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray. Edinburg, 1782.
  • 1798: The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray. London, 1798.
  • 1799: The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray. London, [1799].
  • 1799: The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray, LL.B. London, 1799.
  • 1800: The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray, LL.B. London, 1800.
  • 1800: The Poems of Gray. A new edition. London, 1800.
  • 1805: The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray. London, 1805.
  • 1816: The Works of Thomas Gray, Vol. I. Ed. John Mitford. London, 1816.
  • 1826: The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray. London, 1826.
  • 1836: The Works of Thomas Gray, Volume I. Ed. John Mitford. London, 1836.

Works cited in the commentary

  • [BrJ_1903] The Poetical Works of Thomas Gray: English and Latin. Edited with an introduction, life, notes and a bibliography by John Bradshaw. Reprinted edition. The Aldine edition of the British poets series. London: George Bell and sons, 1903 [1st edition 1891].
  • [CrJ_1948] Gray: Poetry and Prose. With essays by Johnson, Goldsmith and others. With an Introduction and Notes by J. Crofts. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1948 [1st ed. 1926].
  • [EpW_1959] Poems of Thomas Gray. Edited by W. C. Eppstein. London and Glasgow: Blackie & Son Ltd., 1959.
  • [GoE_1884] The Works of Thomas Gray: In Prose and Verse. Ed. by Edmund Gosse, in four vols. London: MacMillan and Co., 1884, vol. i.
  • [HeJ_1981] Thomas Gray: Selected Poems. Ed. by John Heath-Stubbs. Manchester: Carcanet New Press Ltd., 1981.
  • [LoR_1969] The Poems of Thomas Gray, William Collins, Oliver Goldsmith. Edited by Roger Lonsdale. Longman Annotated English Poets Series. London and Harlow: Longmans, 1969.
  • [P/W_1950] The Poems of Gray and Collins. Edited by Austin Lane Poole. Revised by Leonard Whibley. Third edition. Oxford editions of standard authors series. London: Oxford UP, 1937, reprinted 1950 [1st ed. 1919].
  • [PhW_1894] Selections from the Poetry and Prose of Thomas Gray. Ed. with an introduction and notes by William Lyon Phelps. The Athenaeum press series. Boston: Ginn & company, 1894.
  • [ReJ_1973] The Complete English Poems of Thomas Gray. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by James Reeves. The Poetry Bookshelf series. London: Heinemann; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1973.
  • [S/H_1966] The Complete Poems of Thomas Gray: English, Latin and Greek. Edited by Herbert W. Starr and J. R. Hendrickson. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1966.
  • [ToD_1922] Gray's English Poems, Original and Translated from the Norse and Welsh. Edited by Duncan C. Tovey. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1922 [1st ed. 1898].

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